Many people experience dry, itchy, or burning eyes, often attributing these symptoms to fatigue, lack of sleep, or prolonged screen time. However, if these symptoms persist, they could indicate dry eye disease, a condition that impacts comfort, vision, and daily activities. Women might be more susceptible due to hormonal shifts, aging, screen exposure, and certain health issues.
The surface of the eye is protected by a thin tear film that keeps it lubricated, guards against irritation and infection, and aids in clear vision. Dry eye disease occurs when there’s insufficient tear production or when tears evaporate too quickly, leading to irritation, burning, redness, and blurred vision. Ironically, watery eyes can also be a symptom, as the eyes sometimes produce reflex tears that don’t offer the same lubrication as a healthy tear film.
Various factors can heighten the risk of dry eye, particularly for women. Hormonal changes throughout life stages such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, perimenopause, and menopause can influence tear production and the glands responsible for the oily layer of tears. Aging can further alter natural tear production. Additionally, lifestyle factors like extended periods spent staring at screens can reduce blinking frequency, causing tears to evaporate faster.
Certain health conditions, including diabetes, thyroid disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and other autoimmune diseases, can contribute to dry eye symptoms. Certain medications, like antihistamines, antidepressants, blood pressure medicines, and hormonal treatments, may also exacerbate dryness by affecting tear production. Environmental factors, such as air conditioning, fans, windy weather, dust, and prolonged screen usage, can intensify symptoms.
To alleviate discomfort, adopting a few simple habits can be beneficial. The 20-20-20 rule—looking at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes—can help during screen time. Regular blinking, managing environmental factors like avoiding direct air from fans or air conditioners, staying hydrated, getting adequate sleep, and eating a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids can also support eye health. If symptoms persist despite these measures, consulting an eye-care professional for diagnosis and treatment, such as lubricating eye drops or warm compresses, is recommended.