Affective polarization—emotional hostility toward political opponents—represents a particularly dangerous form of division. Unlike disagreement about policies, which can fuel productive democratic debate, affective polarization involves viewing those with different political views as enemies rather than fellow citizens, potentially undermining democracy's foundational premise of peaceful coexistence despite disagreement.
The research measured affective polarization specifically, using feeling thermometers to capture how warm or cold participants felt toward...
Robert Downey Jr. has created another memorable moment in Marvel fandom history with his latest social media post. The artwork featuring Iron Man and Doctor Doom breaking a wishbone has resonated deeply with fans, functioning as both a holiday greeting and a meditation on transformation, legacy, and the evolution of the MCU itself.
The visual language of this artwork speaks to multiple audiences simultaneously. For...
